DNA barcoding is a method used in molecular biology to identify and classify species based on specific gene sequences. It involves analyzing a short section of DNA from a standardized region of the genome, typically the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene in animals, to create a unique DNA barcode for each species. This technique is particularly useful for identifying and distinguishing between closely related species, as well as for monitoring biodiversity and studying evolutionary relationships. DNA barcoding has applications in a wide range of fields, including ecology, conservation, forensics, and agriculture.